Taking into account entire Austria-Hungary (as in 1867-1918). Nevertheless, esteemed scholars are particularly biased towards the Austrian half of the monarchy.
‘True Austrians’ (Born in today’s Austria):
Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk - born in 1851; economist
Friedrich von Wieser - born in 1851 in Vienna, worked later in Prague; economist
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899); economist and philosopher, Nobel Price in Economics in 1974
Ludwig Wittgenstein – born in Vienna in 1889; one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century
Karl Popper – 1902 in Vienna; influential philosopher
Erwin Schrodinger – 1887 in Vienna, Nobel Prize in Physics
Wolfgang Pauli - Nobel Prize winner of 1945 for the discovery of the "Pauli's principle" in quantum theory
Moritz Schlick (1882) – physicist and phisosopher
Otto Neurath (1882) –
Rudolf Carnap
Hans Hahn
Kurt Godel
Herbert Feigl
Friedrich Waismann
Leo Schoenfeld
Ernst Mach
Born in today’s Czech republic:
Sigmund Freud – born in in 1856
Joseph Alois Schumpeter – born in Triesch in 1883 (now Třešť)
Gregor Johann Mendel - born in Brunn in 1822 (now Brno); ‘father’ of genetics
Philipp Frank (?)
Born Elswhere in the Austrian Empire:
Ludwig von Mises – from (now Lviv in Ukraine)
Carl Menger – born in 1840 in Neu Sandec (today's Nowy Sacz in Poland); founder of the Austrian School of Economics
See also:
“The Austrian School of Economics” (economics)
“The Vienna Circle” (philosophy)
Note: Both ‘institutions’ ceased to exist in Central Europe after 1938 (Anschluss of Austria by the Germans). Yeah.. for all the evil done to Central Europe - blame the year 1938.. and the Germans.. Most of the ‘Austrians’ left for the UK and the States.
